Shia Muslims constitute an estimated 10–13% [2] of the world's Muslim population, numbering approximately 200–260 million faithful followers as of 2026. The three principal Shia branches are Twelverism, Isma'ilism, and Zaydism. Sunni and Shia Muslims share core Islamic beliefs, but their division stems largely from political disagreements over leadership after Prophet Muhammad's death and led to differing practices and spiritual positions.

Understanding the Context

What is the main belief of Shia Islam? Shia Islam centers on the belief that leadership after the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was divinely appointed to Imam Ali and his descendants. Currently, there are 1.6 billion Muslims around the world with Shia Muslims accounting for almost 20%. While most global Muslims are Sunni, a handful of countries have Shia majorities or pluralities.

Key Insights

These countries are outlined below. The Middle East’s conflicts are not simply ancient religious feuds. They are modern political struggles shaped by history, identity and political interests. Here’s what you need to know about Sunni and Shia Islam — and how it impacts Iran and the current situation there. Based on Quranic verses, authentic hadith, and rational inquiry, the Shia school maintains that the Prophet explicitly appointed a successor to guide the Muslim community in religious, legal, and political matters, rather than leaving leadership to communal selection.

Final Thoughts

Shia Islam, the second-largest branch of Islam, emerged from a political and theological dispute over the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad. Its history is deeply intertwined with early Islamic leadership struggles and the reverence for Ali ibn Abi Talib and his descendants. Discover the core beliefs of Shia Islam in this comprehensive guide. Learn about their unique practices and the history behind their faith.